|
The Nashoba Community was an experimental project of Frances "Fanny" Wright, initiated in 1825 to educate and emancipate slaves. It was located in a 2,000-acre (8 km²) woodland on the side of present-day Germantown, Tennessee, a Memphis suburb, along the Wolf River. It was a small-scale test of her full-compensation emancipation plan in which no slaveholders would lose money for emancipating slaves. Instead, Wright proposed that, through a system of unified labor, the slaves would buy their freedom and then be transported to the independent settlements of Liberia and Haiti.〔Bederman, Gail. “Revisiting Nashoba: Slavery, Utopia, and Frances Wright in America, 1818-1826," ''American Literary History,'' vol. 17, no. 3 (2005), pp. 438-459.〕 ==Purpose== The commune was to create a demonstration of Wright's emancipation plan: to create a place to educate slaves and prepare them for freedom and colonization in Haiti or Liberia.〔 Wright was strongly influenced by Robert Owen and his utopian community, New Harmony, Indiana. Surviving for three years, Nashoba outlasted New Harmony. Wright first expressed her plan of emancipation in an article called “A Plan for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery in the United States, without Danger of Loss to the Citizens of the South,” which she published in the ''New Harmony Gazette'' in October 1825.〔 * Renee M. Stowitzky, (''Searching for Freedom through Utopia: Revisiting Frances Wright's Nashoba.'' ) Honors Thesis. Vanderbilt University, 2004.〕 Wright believed that if she could arrange emancipation without financial loss to slaveholders, planters of the South would use it. She believed that slaveholders were “anxious to manumit their people, but apprehensive of throwing them unprepared into the world.”〔Quoted in Stowitzky, ''Searching for Freedom through Utopia,'' pg. 38.〕 Wright imagined that if her experimental community was successful, its methods could be applied throughout the nation. Wright raised funds and recruited people for her new settlement. Among the first were the Englishman George Flower and his family, who had founded another settlement in Albion, Illinois.〔 Wright could not raise sufficient monetary support and ended up using a good portion of her own fortune to buy land and slaves.〔 She called it "Nashoba," the Chickasaw word for "wolf."〔(''Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture,'' ) www.tennesseeencyclopedia.net〕 Nashoba is remembered as an egalitarian, interracial community, but it did not reach these goals.〔 While Wright was a champion of emancipation,〔Holloway, Mark. ''Heavens on Earth: Utopian Communities in America 1680-1880'', New York: Library, 1951; pg. 114.〕 the slaves at the community were her property until they could buy themselves out.〔 In “Revisiting Nashoba,” Gail Bederman says, “Nashoba’s continued commitment to colonization and fully compensated emancipation meant that its slaves remained both subordinates and, most fundamentally, property.”〔 When the compensated emancipation plan failed to produce results, Wright turned Nashoba into a kind of utopian community. The white members of the community became the trustees and were responsible for administering the property and making the decisions.〔 The slaves could never become trustees. Wright left Nashoba in 1827 for Europe to recover from malaria. During her absence, the trustees managed the community, but by Wright’s return in 1828, Nashoba had collapsed. At its largest, Nashoba had only 20 members.〔Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. ''Commitment and Community: Communes and Utopias in Sociological Perspective.'' Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1972; pg. 247.〕 Nashoba is described briefly in Frances Trollope's 1832 book ''Domestic Manners of the Americans''. She visited Nashoba with Wright in 1827 and lived in the United States for a few years. Her work was critical of American society for its lack of polish. She thought residents at Nashoba lacked both sufficient provisions and luxuries. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nashoba Community」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|